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Currency Trading TermsAsk The quoted price at which a customer can buy a currency pair. Also referred to as the offer, ask price, or ask rate. Base Currency For foreign exchange trading, currencies are quoted in terms of a currency pair. The first currency in the pair is the base currency. For example, in a USD/JPY currency pair, the US dollar is the base currency. Also may be referred to as the primary currency. Bid The quoted price where a customer can sell a currency pair. Also known as the 'bid price' or 'bid rate'. Bid/Ask Spread The point difference between the bid and ask (offer) price. Counterparty The counterparty is the person who is on the other side of an OTC trade. For retail customers, the dealer will always be the counterparty. Cross-rate The exchange rate between two currencies where neither of the currencies are the US dollar. Currency pair The two currencies that make up a foreign exchange rate. For example, USD/YEN is a currency pair. Dealer A firm in the business of acting as a counterparty to foreign currency transactions. Euro The common currency adopted by eleven European nations (i.e., Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain) on January 1, 1999. Expiration This is the last day on which an option may either be exercised or offset. Interbank market A loose network of currency transactions negotiated between financial institutions and other large companies. Leverage The ability to control large dollar amount of a commodity with a comparatively small amount of capital. Also known as 'gearing'. Margin See Security Deposit. Offer See ask. Open position Any transaction that has not been closed out by a corresponding opposite transaction. Pip The smallest unit of trading in a foreign currency price. Premium The price an option buyer pays for the option, not including commissions. Quote currency The second currency in a currency pair is referred to as the quote currency. For example, in a USD/JPY currency pair, the Japanese yen is the quote currency. Also referred to as the secondary currency or the counter currency. Rollover The process of extending the settlement date on an open position by rolling it over to the next settlement date. Retail customer Any party to a forex trade who is not an eligible contract participant as defined under the Commodity Exchange Act. This includes individuals with assets of less than $10 million and most small businesses. Security deposit The amount of money needed to open or maintain a position. Also known as 'margin'. Spot market A market of immediate delivery of and payment for the product, in this case, currency. Spot transaction A true spot transaction is a transaction requiring prompt delivery of and full payment for the currency. In the interbank market, spot transactions are usually settled in two business days. This term may also be used to refer to transactions that the parties expect to offset or roll over within two business days, but these transactions are not true spot transactions and are governed by the federal Commodity Exchange Act. Spread The point or pip difference between the ask and bid price of a currency pair. Sterling Another term for British currency, the pound. |
